通常来说，一个句子主语或者宾语可以是名词、代词。有时候，主语或宾语是为了表示一个动作，就需要在动词后面加-ing, 把动词名词化。
一旦动词短语变成名词，那么主语或者宾语就可以变得丰富多彩。
动名词 V-ing做主语：
1. Studying abroad could enrich students' life experience and enable them to become independent.
“出国学习”是一个动作，主语不能写成study abroad, 而要把study名词化变成 studying.
2. Spending long time watching TV is very harmful to children's eyesight.
“花时间看电视” 是一个动作，spend long time 做主语需要将spend 名词化变成 spending.
spend time (in) doing sth 是固定搭配，因此 watch 也要相映变成 watching.
3. Smoking cigarettes in public places is illegal behavior in some countries.
“在公共场合抽烟” 是一个动词短语，smoke cigarettes 做主语需要把smoke变成smoking.
4. Purchasing the latest fashion clothing will cost people a lot of money, especially the young people.
"购买最新潮的时尚衣服" 是一个动词短语， purchase动词要变成名词purchasing.
5. Leading a rich and peaceful life is a major factor of being happiness.
"过上富裕祥和的生活" 是动词短语，过上什么生活是短语 lead a ……life. lead 动词做主语变成动名词 leading.
动名词还可以做宾语。当宾语里含有动词性质的短语时，将动词短语变成名词性质的短语。通常是一些固定的动词或者动词搭配。
1. Children could avoid being bullied if they study at home with their parents.
避免的内容是“被欺负”， be bully, 做avoid 宾语变成动名词 being bullied.
2. Making class more engaging can prevent students from cutting class.
这里是介词 from 的宾语，阻止学生“逃课”，cut class 变成动名词 cutting class. 当然
也可以直接理解成 prevent sb from doing sth 这个固定搭配。
3. The government looks forward to exchanging opinions with its people.
期待“交换意见”， exchange opinions 作介词 to 宾语，变成动名词 exchanging.
最后，动名词还经常作表语，放在be 动词后面。
1. The main task of the government is serving the people and protecting the public interest.
“服务人民” “保护公共利益” 均是动词短语，be动词 is 后面，变成动名词 -ing形式。
2. The most urgent mission is reducing the air pollution and purifying the drinking water.
“减少空气污染“”净化饮用水“ 动词短语，reduce 和 purify 变成动名词作表语。
3. The challenge for women in work place is dealing with gender discrimination and fighting for their deserved rights.
”应对歧视“争取权利” 动词短语，作表语放在 is后面，deal with 和 fight for 变动名词.
4. One easy way of communication is talking face to face by face time.
"面对面交谈" talk face to face 作表语，talk变talking.
动名词的用法比较简单，但比较容易出错。中文句子中动词较多，而英文中一个句子只能在谓语中出现动词，其他成分如主语、宾语、表语等，则不能出现动词，需要动词名词化，也就是动名词。
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