Thursday, July 27, 2017

雅思写作高分段落是怎样炼成的(六)

经常有学生问我,Allen, Band 7 的作文需要300个字吗?结构是写四段式还是五段式比较好?每一段必须写5-6句话吗? 没时间写结尾会不会影响7分?

之所以会问这样的问题,是因为我们中“模板”“套路“的毒太深了。

Allen见过有的雅思作文,从头到尾不分段 依然得 Band 7;  有的作文写 6段,每一段都2-3句话,依然得 band 8; 当然,很多雅思考官得范文只写 255个字,那也是 band 9 呀。

高分作文(> band 7)和这些外在的特征都没关系。它只和下面三个条件有关:

  1. 紧扣题,不偏题,不跑题(on topic)
  2. 观点清晰,论证逻辑强 (logically organized and easily understood )
  3. 表达手段多样化 (vocabulary and grammar)

举一个不恰当得比喻,1,2 就是文章的灵魂(soul),3 是文章的肉体(body)。传统的英语学习过于看重词汇和语法,轻视甚至忽视审题和内容之间的逻辑结构。

这也是为什么花这么多时间来分析内容,分析思维的原因。

下面是两个具有不同”特征“的段落,均是从高分范文的作文中选取。

第一个选自考官范文 (band 9) 的其中一个段落。该段讨论男女共校的好处。

On the other hand, some experts would argue that mixed schools prepare their pupils better for their future lives. Girls and boys learn to live and work together from an early age and are consequently not emotionally underdeveloped  in their relations with the opposite sex. They are also able to learn from each  other, and to experience different types of skill and talent than might be  evident in a single gender environment.

这一段只有三句话,但是内容集中紧凑,没一句废话。除also之外,段落中没有明显的连接词。句子内在关系完全靠”内容的一致性unity“和连贯性统一起来。

仔细看题目中的黑体加粗字体,该段重点谈论男女共校好处,主题当然是学生,pupils, boys and girls, they, 三句话,每一句话都有主题词。

红色字体则体现出共校的特征和性别差异,如 together,  opposite sex, single gender等。
下划线部分则是平行结构,②和③句用同样动词 learn来表示并列关系,②和③都是对的支持。

这就是Allen强调的,如果你写的每一句话都紧扣一个话题,那么句子里面会有关键词体现,并且反复出现,而不是每一句话里会出现不同话题的关键词。

下面是考官给出一个 Band 7作文的一个段落。支持学生应先在学校完成学业,然后找工作,而不是觉得学校课程没用,过早踏入社会。

①One reason for this is that schools provide a plenty of academic knowledge to students and it is possible to enlarge students’ knowledge background when they are young. ②It is also a good method to force students to focus on their school work and this conditions might avoid students to spend their time to do bad thing. ③In Addition, some educations at school are useful for their life such as students might learn professional skills or knowledge that they may have more opportunities to find a job in their future. ④For example, an employee prefers to hire a employer who had a good degree and owns a lot of professional skills and knowledge in Taiwan.

这一段没有主题句topic sentence, 但是①、②和③的意思很清楚,列出在学校学习的三个原因,gain academic knowledge, focus on study and avoid doing bad things, professional skills for job hunting, ④是对③的具体例子说明。

加粗红体字则是和话题密切相关的关键词,显然和考官比起来,缺少灵活性,单词重复较多,有不少语法错误;但优点是:每一个句子都牢牢紧扣话题,这一点对想要考band 7的同学来说尤其重要。

下划线的是表示句子关系的连接词,表示句子之间他们的关系。当然这只是表面的,重要的是每一句话都和学生需要在学校学习的原因有关。

也许,你会指责这篇作文,用词简单,重复也比较多,甚至有错误,但不得不承认它思路很清楚,结构安排也符合逻辑。7分是内容、连贯、词汇、语法四项的平均分,而每一篇文章其实都有自己的优势和劣势。

(给大家提个醒,那就是 band 7的作文并不是完美的,依然会有瑕疵甚至错误。如红色字体标出的 employer 和 employee就用反了。它只是整体符合 Band 7的写作要求)。

If you really think that every sentence in your paragraph is supporting your topic or topic sentence, then it is time to spend more time polishing your vocabulary and grammar. Otherwise, vocabulary and grammar is but the air in the castle to an essay without ideas and organization.

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